본 포스팅은 DroidKaigi 2017 ~ 位置情報を正確にトラッキングする技術 을 기본으로 번역하여 작성했습니다
제 일본어 실력으로 인하여 오역이나 오타가 발생할 수 있습니다.
水鳥敬満 (Takamitsu Mizutori)
@mizutory
SonyEricsson 에서 휴대폰의 개발을 Xperia X10까지 했습니다. (DeviceDriver, BootCode, MemoryManager)
Goldrush Computing 회사를 시작
위치 정보를 사용한 Android / iOS 앱을 개발해왔습니다.
위치 정보 취득 → 지도에 그리기 → 위치 정보 필터링 → 배터리 소모에 대해서
위치 정보 취득
–start–> | ||
MainActivity | –bind–> | LocationService |
<–onServiceConnected– |
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);
Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_HIGH);
criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);
criteria.setSpeedRequired(true);
criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
criteria.setBearingRequired(false);
//API level 9 and up
criteria.setHorizontalAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_HIGH);
criteria.setVerticalAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_HIGH);
Integer gpsFreqInMillis = 1000;
Integer gpsFreqInDistance = 5; // in meters
locationManager.addGpsStatusListener(this);
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(gpsFreqInMillis,
gpsFreqInDistance,
criteria, this, null);
Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_HIGH);
criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);
criteria.setSpeedRequired(true);
criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
criteria.setBearingRequired(false);
//API level 9 and up
criteria.setHorizontalAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_HIGH);
criteria.setVerticalAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_HIGH);
public void onLocationChanged(final Location newLocation) {
if(isLogging) {
//locationList.add(newLocation);
filterAndAddLocation(newLocation);
}
Intent intent = new Intent("LocationUpdated");
intent.putExtra("location", newLocation);
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this.getApplication()).sendBroadcast(intent);
}
여기서 Location 객체를 얻어 LocalBroadcastManager을 사용해 서비스의 외부에 알린다.
지도에 그리기
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY"
android:value="YOUR_API_KEY"/>
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:9.8.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appindexing:9.8.0'
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.goldrushcomputing.androidlocationstarterkit.MainActivity">
<com.google.android.gms.maps.MapView
android:id="@+id/map"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
mapView = (MapView) this.findViewById(R.id.map);
mapView.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mapView.getMapAsync(new OnMapReadyCallback() {
@Override
public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {
map = googleMap;
map.getUiSettings().setZoomControlsEnabled(false);
map.setMyLocationEnabled(false);
map.getUiSettings().setCompassEnabled(true);
map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(true);
LocationService → Location → MainActivity
map.addCircle()
this.locationAccuracyCircle = map.addCircle(new CircleOptions()
.center(latLng)
.fillColor(Color.argb(64, 0, 0, 0))
.strokeColor(Color.argb(64, 0, 0, 0))
.strokeWidth(0.0f)
.radius(location.getAccuracy())); // set radius to horizontal accuracy in method
map.addMarker()
(확대해도 동일한 크기)
userPositionMarker = map.addMarker(new MarkerOptions()
.position(latLng)
.flat(ture)
.anchor(0.5f, 0.5f)
.icon(this.userPositionMarkerBitmapDescriptor));
map.addPolyline()
this.runningPathPolyline = map.addPolyline(new PolylineOptions()
.add(from, to)
.width(polylineWidth)
.color(Color.parseColor("#801B60FE"))
.geodesic(true));
필터링
취득 시간으로 필터링하기
오래된 위치 정보 → 캐시된 위치 정보
long age = getLocationAge(location);
if(age > 5 * 1000){ //more than 5 seconds
Log.d(TAG, "Location is old");
oldLocationList.add(location);
return false;
}
private long getLocationAge(Location newLocation){
long locationAge;
if(android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 17) {
long currentTimeInMilli = (long)(SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos() / 1000000);
long locationTimeInMilli = (long)(newLocation.getElapsedRealtimeNanos() / 1000000);
locationAge = currentTimeInMilli - locationTimeInMilli;
} else{
locationAge = System.currentTimeMillis() - newLocation.getTime();
}
return locationAge;
}
수평 정밀도로 필터링
if(location.getAccuracy() <= 0) {
Log.d(TAG, "Latitidue and longitude values are invalid.");
noAccuracyLocationList.add(location);
return false;
}
Android - Location.getAccuracy() returns negative accuracy
I’ve had the following crash happen in my app, once to me, and once in the wild. It happens when I draw a radius circle around the map and the accuracy is negative. I can’t reproduce the issue though other than hard coding a negative value.
Seen on a Moto G gen1 (4.4.4) and Samsung Galaxy S3 (4.4.2)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34232835/android-location-getaccuracy-returns-negative-accuracy
float horizontalAccuracy = location.getAccuracy();
if(horizontalAccuracy > 10){ //10meter filter
Log.d(TAG, "Accuracy is too low.");
inaccurateLocationList.add(location);
return false;
}
필터한 사례
getAccuracy
float getAccuracy ()
Get the estimated horizontal accuracy of this location, radial, in meters.
We define horizontal accuracy as the radius of 68% confidence. In other words, if you draw a circle centered at this location's latitude and longitude, and with a radius equal to the accuracy, then there is a 68% probability that the true location is inside the circle.
In statistical terms, it is assumed that location errors are random with a normal distribution, so the 68% confidence circle represents one standard deviation. Note that in practice, location errors do not always follow such a simple distribution.
/* Kalman Filter */
float Qvalue;
long locationTimeInMillis = (long)(location.getElapsedRealtimeNanos() / 1000000);
long elapsedTimeInMillis = locationTimeInMillis - runStartTimeInMillis;
if(currentSpeed == 0.0f){
Qvalue = 3.0f; //3 meters per second
}else{
Qvalue = currentSpeed; // meters per second
}
kalmanFilter.Process(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude(), location.getAccuracy(), elapsedTimeInMillis, Qvalue);
double predictedLat = kalmanFilter.get_lat();
double predictedLng = kalmanFilter.get_lng();
Location predictedLocation = new Location("");//provider name is unecessary
predictedLocation.setLatitude(predictedLat);//your coords of course
predictedLocation.setLongitude(predictedLng);
float predictedDeltaInMeters = predictedLocation.distanceTo(location);
if(predictedDeltaInMeters > 60){
Log.d(TAG, "Kalman Filter detects mal GPS, we should probably remove this from track");
kalmanFilter.consecutiveRejectCount += 1;
if(kalmanFilter.consecutiveRejectCount > 3){
kalmanFilter = new KalmanLatLong(3); //reset Kalman Filter if it rejects more than 3 times in raw.
}
kalmanNGLocationList.add(location);
return false;
}else{
kalmanFilter.consecutiveRejectCount = 0;
}
KalmanFilter으로 필터링
배터리
시간(초) | 거리(m) | GPS 갯수 | 배터리 (시작시) | 배터리 (종료) | 소비량 | 42km 달렸을 경우 | 5시간 달렸을 경우 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nexus6 Low Battery (every 5m) | 1968 | 5710.0 | 790 | 16% | 12% | 4% | 29.6% | 36.6% |
Nexus6p Mid Battery (every 1m) | 1785 | 5738.8 | 1349 | 50% | 48% | 2% | 14.7% | 20.1% |
Nexus6 Low Battery (every 5m) | 1497 | 4583.8 | 581 | 22% | 20% | 2% | 18.4% | 24% |
Nexus6p High Battery (every 5m) | 1684 | 5036.0 | 675 | 98% | 95% | 3% | 25.1% | 32% |
private BroadcastReceiver batteryInfoReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){
@Override
public void onReceive(Context ctxt, Intent intent) {
int batteryLevel = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL, 0);
int scale = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE, -1);
float batteryLevelScaled = batteryLevel / (float)scale;
batteryLevelArray.add(Integer.valueOf(batteryLevel));
batteryLevelScaledArray.add(Float.valueOf(batteryLevelScaled));
batteryScale = scale;
}
};
↓
registerReceiver(this.batteryInfoReceiver, new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED));
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);
Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_HIGH);
criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);
criteria.setSpeedRequired(true);
criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
criteria.setBearingRequired(false);
//API level 9 and up
criteria.setHorizontalAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_HIGH);
criteria.setVerticalAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_HIGH);
Integer gpsFreqInMillis = 1000;
Integer gpsFreqInDistance = 5; // in meters
locationManager.addGpsStatusListener(this);
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(gpsFreqInMillis,
gpsFreqInDistance,
criteria, this, null);
시간(초) | 거리(m) | GPS 갯수 | 배터리 (시작시) | 배터리 (종료) | 소비량 | 42km 달렸을 경우 | 5시간 달렸을 경우 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nexus6p Mid Battery (every 1m, 1sec) | 1785 | 5738.8 | 1349 | 50% | 48% | 2% | 14.7% | 20.1% |
Nexus6p High Battery (every 5m, 1sec) | 1684% | 5036.0 | 675 | 98% | 95% | 3% | 25.1% | 32% |
내구성에 대해
-> 다음은 After Party에서!
mizutori@goldrushcomputing.com
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